What causes seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is driven by an interaction between the skin's sebaceous (oil-producing) glands, the yeast Malassezia (which feeds on skin oils), and an inflammatory immune response. It preferentially affects oily skin areas — the scalp, face, and chest. Factors that may contribute to flares include stress, fatigue, hormonal changes, certain neurological conditions (Parkinson's disease significantly increases risk), immune suppression, and cold or dry weather.

Is seborrhoeic dermatitis the same as dandruff?

Dandruff is the mildest form of seborrhoeic dermatitis, affecting only the scalp and producing flaking without significant redness or inflammation. Seborrhoeic dermatitis describes the full spectrum — from mild dandruff through to inflamed, scaly patches on the scalp, face, and body. Both are driven by the same underlying Malassezia-related mechanism and respond to similar antifungal-based treatments.

What treatments help seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Antifungal agents targeting Malassezia are the primary treatment: ketoconazole shampoo or cream, selenium sulphide, zinc pyrithione, and ciclopirox are all effective. Mild topical corticosteroids reduce inflammation during flares. For facial seborrhoeic dermatitis, azelaic acid and low-potency steroid creams are commonly used. Regular use of antifungal shampoo (even once weekly during remission) helps prevent recurrence. The condition is manageable but chronic — most people require ongoing maintenance rather than achieving permanent remission.

Can dietary changes help seborrhoeic dermatitis?

Evidence is limited but some people report improvement with dietary modifications. Reducing refined sugar and refined carbohydrates — which feed yeast — may help some individuals. Anti-inflammatory dietary approaches (Mediterranean-style, omega-3 rich) may reduce skin inflammation. Probiotic supplementation has some preliminary evidence for benefit. Alcohol, particularly beer and wine, can worsen seborrhoeic dermatitis in some people through effects on yeast and inflammation. These dietary strategies are best viewed as adjuncts to antifungal treatment rather than standalone approaches.

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Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Seborrhoeic dermatitis causes flaky, scaly patches and redness on the scalp, face, and oily areas, linked to yeast overgrowth, immune response, and sebum production. Probiotic support, anti-inflammatory nutrition, and to

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Reviewed by Dr. Ciara Magee · Integrative Midwifery26 March 2026Emerging evidence

Quick answer

Do any of these feel familiar?

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is most commonly experienced as flaky, scaly skin and redness in oily areas of the body — particularly the scalp, sides of the nose, eyebrows, eyelids, and chest
On the scalp, it produces persistent dandruff that is often difficult to control
The skin may feel itchy, greasy, or irritated
Flares are commonly triggered by stress, cold or dry weather, hormonal changes, and certain skincare products
Many people describe the condition as a chronic companion — largely manageable during remission but returning reliably under the right conditions
The visible nature of flaking on hair and clothing can cause self-consciousness, particularly in social and professional settings

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