Acne vulgaris develops when hair follicles become blocked with sebum and dead skin cells, creating an environment in which bacteria proliferate and trigger inflammation. It ranges from blackheads and whiteheads to deeper inflammatory papules, pustules, and cysts. Hormonal influences — particularly androgens stimulating sebum production — explain the prevalence in adolescence and hormonal fluctuations in adult women.

What lifestyle changes can help with acne?

Reduce high glycaemic index foods and dairy, both of which have evidence linking them to acne severity. Manage stress through evidence-based approaches. Use non-comedogenic skincare products. Ensure adequate zinc and omega-3 intake. Maintain gut health through fibre-rich diet and probiotics.

What integrative approaches support acne?

Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent skin conditions globally. High glycaemic diet and dairy intake have moderate evidence as exacerbating factors. Topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide have strong evidence. Zinc supplementation shows moderate evidence for mild-to-moderate acne. Low glycaemic index diet shows promising evidence for severity reduction.

When should I seek professional support for acne?

Severe or cystic acne causing significant scarring Acne unresponsive to consistent topical treatment over 2–3 months Associated symptoms suggesting hormonal imbalance in women (irregular cycles, excessive hair growth, weight changes) Significant psychological distress related to skin condition

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Acne

A common skin condition characterised by pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, or deeper cysts, primarily on the face, back, or chest. Occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.

Understand what may be causing this

Reviewed by Internal Medical Editorial Team · Integrative Health Content Review26 March 2026Moderate Evidence

Quick answer

Acne (ICD-10: L70.0 Acne vulgaris; ICD-11: EA80.0) is a multifactorial skin condition driven by sebum production, follicular occlusion, bacterial colonisation, and inflammation. Associated with androgen excess, PCOS, high-GI diet, and stress. Evidence supports dietary modification, zinc supplementation, and topical treatments. Holistic approaches address hormonal and gut health.

Recognition