Bloating describes the subjective sensation of abdominal fullness, pressure, or swelling — with or without objectively measurable distension. It is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints globally, affecting over 15% of the population regularly. Causes include excess intestinal gas (from fermentation of undigested carbohydrates), impaired gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity (where normal gas volumes feel disproportionately uncomfortable), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), food intolerances (particularly lactose and FODMAPs), and constipation.

What lifestyle changes can help with bloating?

A low-FODMAP dietary trial under guidance of a nutritional therapist or dietitian is among the most evidence-supported dietary approaches for functional bloating. Eating slowly, reducing carbonated drinks, and avoiding swallowing excess air helps. Regular physical movement supports gut motility. Stress management has a direct physiological impact on bloating.

What integrative approaches support bloating?

Nutritional therapy and the low-FODMAP approach have good evidence for functional bloating. Peppermint oil has evidence for reducing bloating in IBS. Probiotics — particularly specific strains — have supporting evidence. Acupuncture addresses the gut-brain and motility components. Gut-directed hypnotherapy has NICE endorsement for IBS symptoms including bloating.

When should I seek professional support for bloating?

See a doctor if bloating is persistent, severe, accompanied by significant abdominal pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in stools, or new in someone over 50 without a clear dietary explanation. Chronic bloating with these features warrants investigation.

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Bloating

A sensation of fullness, swelling, or distension in the abdomen — extremely common and usually related to gas, diet, gut motility, or gut-brain axis dysfunction.

Understand what may be causing this

Reviewed by Internal Medical Editorial Team · Integrative Health Content Review26 March 2026Strong Evidence

Quick answer

A sensation of fullness, swelling, or distension in the abdomen — extremely common and usually related to gas, diet, gut motility, or gut-brain axis dysfunction.

Recognition

Do any of these feel familiar?

Bloating is often experienced as a progressive worsening through the day, frequently worse in the evening. Many describe their abdomen feeling noticeably larger by the end of the day, sometimes tight and uncomfortable under clothing. The unpredictable relationship with specific meals versus general patterns can make identifying triggers frustrating.

What is Bloating?

A sensation of fullness, swelling, or distension in the abdomen — extremely common and usually related to gas, diet, gut motility, or gut-brain axis dysfunction.