What it is
Fixed false beliefs not responsive to evidence or reasoned argument — a significant psychiatric symptom requiring prompt professional assessment and, usually, medical intervention.
Fixed false beliefs not responsive to evidence or reasoned argument — a significant psychiatric symptom requiring prompt professional assessment and, usually, medical intervention.

At a glance
What it is
Fixed false beliefs not responsive to evidence or reasoned argument — a significant psychiatric symptom requiring prompt professional assessment and, usually, medical intervention.
Commonly experienced as
Evidence context
Research-supportedSee the evidence snapshotHistory & Origin
Delusions are fixed beliefs that are not amenable to evidence-based challenge and that are inconsistent with the person's cultural and social background. They are a positive psychotic symptom occurring in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, severe depression with psychotic features, bipolar disorder with psychosis, drug-induced psychosis, delirium, and some dementia presentations. Common types include persecutory delusions (being watched, followed, or harmed), grandiose delusions (having special powers or status), and referential delusions (believing communications are directed personally). Delusions represent a serious impairment in reality testing requiring psychiatric assessment and, typically, antipsychotic medication. They are not the same as culturally valued spiritual or religious beliefs.
The Evidence
Delusions are a serious psychiatric symptom requiring prompt professional assessment. Understanding the evidence helps clarify what support is appropriate.
Delusions require psychiatric assessment — not self-management
Delusions are a well-documented psychotic symptom with established medical pathways. Complementary approaches have no direct evidence-based role in addressing them and are not a substitute for professional psychiatric assessment and care.
Seek emergency services if there is sudden onset weakness, numbness, or speech difficulty; seizures or loss of consciousness; the worst headache ever experienced; or vision changes with other neurological symptoms. These may indicate stroke, brain injury, or another acute medical condition. Do not delay seeking help.
Anyone experiencing delusions — or whose loved one is — should contact a GP, psychiatrist, or mental health crisis service promptly. Delusions occur across several serious conditions including psychosis, severe mood disorders, delirium, and some dementias. Identifying the underlying cause requires professional assessment and shapes the appropriate care pathway.
Antipsychotic medication is the primary evidence-based intervention for delusions across most conditions. Psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBTp) have supporting evidence as adjuncts to medication. Complementary approaches have no established evidence for directly addressing delusional thinking and should not be positioned as alternatives to medical care.
Family education, crisis support services, and community psychiatric nursing are recognised supports alongside medical treatment. Some individuals find structured routine, social connection, and stress reduction helpful for general wellbeing during recovery. Any complementary approach should be discussed with the treating psychiatric team to ensure it does not interfere with the care plan.
Complementary and alternative approaches are not appropriate as standalone responses to delusions. Pursuing them in place of psychiatric care carries real risk of harm through delayed treatment. If someone is using complementary approaches for general wellbeing support, this should be disclosed to their psychiatric team and should never replace prescribed medical management.
Delusions are fixed false beliefs inconsistent with a person's cultural background and not responsive to evidence or reasoned argument. They are distinct from culturally or spiritually held beliefs. They occur in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder with psychosis, severe depression with psychotic features, drug-induced psychosis, delirium, and some dementias — each requiring different clinical management.
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