What triggers atopic dermatitis flares?

Common triggers include soaps, detergents, and skincare products with fragrances or preservatives; woollen or synthetic fabrics; extreme temperatures (heat, cold, and sweating); dust mites; pet dander; certain foods in some individuals; stress; and viral or bacterial skin infections. Triggers are highly individual — what worsens one person's eczema may have no effect on another. Keeping a symptom diary can help identify personal patterns over time.

Is atopic dermatitis an allergy?

Atopic dermatitis is part of the "atopic triad" alongside allergic rhinitis and asthma, and involves immune dysregulation and a compromised skin barrier — but it is not a straightforward allergy. Many people with eczema have elevated IgE and may react to environmental or food allergens, but the condition itself is driven by genetic skin barrier dysfunction and immune system imbalance rather than a single allergic trigger. Identifying relevant allergens may help management but treating the allergen alone does not resolve the underlying condition.

Can nutrition help manage eczema?

Nutritional approaches show promise for eczema management, particularly in children. Omega-3 fatty acids (from oily fish or supplementation) have anti-inflammatory properties with some evidence for benefit. Probiotic supplementation, particularly Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, has evidence for reducing eczema severity in some studies. For people with identified food triggers, eliminating those foods may reduce flare frequency. Vitamin D deficiency is common in people with eczema and supplementation may help. A nutritional therapist can help design an evidence-informed approach.

What is the itch-scratch cycle and how can it be broken?

The itch-scratch cycle occurs because scratching temporarily relieves itching but damages the skin barrier, triggers inflammation, and leads to increased itching. Breaking the cycle involves: keeping nails short, applying emollients immediately when itch begins as an alternative to scratching, using cool compresses, wearing loose cotton clothing, and addressing overnight scratching with cotton gloves. Habit reversal therapy has evidence for reducing scratching behaviour. Treating the underlying inflammation with appropriate topical treatments is foundational.

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Atopic dermatitis

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Reviewed by Dr. Ciara Magee · Integrative Midwifery26 March 2026Emerging evidence

Quick answer

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition causing red, itchy, and dry skin, influenced by immune function, gut health, environmental triggers, and stress. Holistic approaches address the immune-gut-skin axis through dietary changes, stress management, and topical naturals alongside conventional dermatological care.

Do any of these feel familiar?

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is most commonly experienced as an intense itch — often described as maddening — that is difficult to resist scratching
The skin appears red, dry, and inflamed, frequently cracking or weeping in more severe episodes
Patches commonly appear in the creases of the elbows, behind the knees, on the face, and around the hands
Sleep is frequently disrupted by itching, contributing to fatigue and irritability
Many people describe a cycle of scratching, further skin damage, and worsening inflammation
The visible nature of flares on exposed skin can cause significant self-consciousness, particularly in children and young adults

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