What is ADHD and how does it present in adults?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning. In adults, hyperactivity often presents as internal restlessness rather than physical overactivity, while inattention — difficulty sustaining focus, organising tasks, and managing time — is commonly the dominant feature. ADHD in adults is significantly underdiagnosed, particularly in women.

Can complementary therapies help manage ADHD?

Several approaches may support ADHD symptom management alongside conventional care. Mindfulness-based interventions have moderate evidence for improving attention and reducing impulsivity. Nutritional approaches — addressing deficiencies in omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, magnesium, and iron — have supporting evidence in some subgroups. Exercise has consistent evidence for improving executive function. Cognitive training approaches may also be helpful.

Does diet affect ADHD?

The relationship is complex and varies significantly between individuals. Omega-3 supplementation has the most consistent evidence. Reducing artificial food colours and certain additives may benefit some children. Identifying and addressing nutritional deficiencies — particularly iron, magnesium, and zinc — is a reasonable clinical approach. A nutritional therapist can help assess whether dietary factors are contributing.

How does ADHD affect sleep, and does this matter?

Sleep disturbance is extremely common in ADHD — difficulty switching off, delayed sleep phase, and non-restorative sleep are all frequent features. Poor sleep significantly worsens attentional and executive function, creating a cycle that can amplify ADHD symptoms. Addressing sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm regulation, and any co-occurring sleep disorders is an important part of holistic ADHD management.

Neurologicallow Risk

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

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Reviewed by Dr. Ava Gardner · Integrative Medicine Researcher26 March 2026Research-supported

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ADHD is a condition characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity

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Difficulty focusing, restlessness, and impulsive behavior

What is Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

A persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

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