Mastitis is an inflammation of breast tissue — often involving infection — causing localised redness, warmth, swelling, and pain, typically accompanied by flu-like symptoms including fever and fatigue. It most commonly occurs in breastfeeding women, though it can affect non-lactating women and rarely men. It requires prompt management to prevent progression to a breast abscess.

How is mastitis treated?

Continuing to breastfeed or express from the affected breast is the most important initial measure — milk stasis worsens infection. Antibiotics are required when infection is confirmed or strongly suspected, or if symptoms do not improve within 12–24 hours of improved breast emptying. Seeking GP assessment promptly is recommended. Rest, fluids, and analgesics support recovery.

Can complementary approaches help with mastitis?

Frequent feeding and effective breast emptying is the most important intervention. Therapeutic breast massage has some evidence for improving lymphatic drainage and reducing inflammation. Warmth applied before feeding can improve milk flow. Probiotics (particularly Lactobacillus fermentum or Lactobacillus salivarius) have emerging evidence for reducing mastitis recurrence in breastfeeding women. A lactation consultant can support with positioning and effective emptying.

When is mastitis an emergency?

If a firm, fluctuant lump develops within a red, painful area of the breast, a breast abscess may have formed, which typically requires surgical drainage. Seek medical assessment the same day if symptoms are severe and worsening, if you have a high fever not responding to paracetamol, or if a defined lump develops. Do not delay treatment — untreated mastitis progresses.

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Mastitis

Mastitis is a common experience for breastfeeding mothers, characterized by breast infection

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Reviewed by Dr. Ian Henderson · Microbiobial Health & Medicine26 March 2026Emerging evidence

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Mastitis is a common experience for breastfeeding mothers, characterized by breast infection

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What is Mastitis?

Mastitis is a common experience for breastfeeding mothers, characterized by breast pain, swelling, and inflammation. It can be influenced by poor latch, overfull breasts, and bacterial infection. A holistic approach considers the physical, emotional, and social factors that contribute to this condition.

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