What counts as musculoskeletal pain?

Musculoskeletal pain affects muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and nerves — encompassing conditions from acute injuries to chronic pain syndromes. It is the most common category of pain globally and a leading cause of disability. Back pain, neck pain, arthritis, fibromyalgia, and sports injuries all fall within this category.

Which complementary approaches are most relevant?

Manual therapies (osteopathy, physiotherapy, chiropractic, massage) have strong evidence across many musculoskeletal conditions. Acupuncture has consistent evidence across multiple pain types. Mind-body approaches address the significant overlap between musculoskeletal pain and psychological distress. Exercise therapy in almost all forms is foundational.

How does musculoskeletal pain relate to stress?

The relationship is well-established. Psychological stress activates the sympathetic nervous system, increases muscle tension, and contributes to central sensitisation — reducing the pain threshold. Addressing stress is not an alternative to physical treatment but a complementary and important component of musculoskeletal pain management.

When does musculoskeletal pain require urgent medical review?

Seek prompt assessment if pain follows significant trauma, is accompanied by neurological symptoms (weakness, numbness, bladder or bowel changes), involves fever or unexplained weight loss, is associated with a history of cancer, or is severe and worsening rather than fluctuating.

Musculoskeletalmoderate Risk

Musculoskeletal Pain

Pain or discomfort in the muscles, bones, or joints

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Reviewed by Dr. Ian Henderson · Microbiobial Health & Medicine26 March 2026Emerging evidence

Quick answer

Musculoskeletal pain can be managed with holistic approaches that promote relaxation and balance

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What is Musculoskeletal Pain?

Musculoskeletal pain is a common experience that can impact daily life and overall well-being. Holistic approaches consider the interconnectedness of body, mind, and spirit.

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Overview

Symptoms & Affected Systems

Contributing Factors

Supporting Lifestyle Strategies

Evidence Context

When to Seek Professional Help

Related Conditions

Lower Back Pain

Osteoarthritis

Chronic Lower Back Pain

Muscle Strain

Tendinopathy

Frequently Asked Questions