Is sensory work the same as sensory integration therapy?

Sensory strategies can be used broadly, while Ayres Sensory Integration® is a specific, fidelity-based occupational therapy approach.

Should sensory approaches be self-prescribed?

For persistent or impairing concerns, assessment by an occupational therapist can help select safe, individualized strategies.

What is sensory integration therapy and who is it for?

Sensory integration therapy, developed by occupational therapist A. Jean Ayres, addresses difficulties in processing and organising sensory information from the body and environment. It is primarily used with children who show signs of sensory processing difficulties — hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to touch, sound, movement, or proprioception — that affect daily functioning, behaviour, attention, and social participation. It is most commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, developmental coordination disorder, and sensory processing disorder, though sensory differences occur across many presentations.

What does sensory integration therapy involve in practice?

Sessions are conducted by trained occupational therapists and use a sensory-rich environment — typically a specialist therapy room with suspended equipment (swings, hammocks), tactile materials, balance equipment, and proprioceptive activities. The therapist provides structured sensory experiences tailored to the child's specific sensory profile, gradually helping the nervous system learn to process and integrate sensory input more effectively. The 'just right challenge' principle guides activity — activities are neither overwhelming nor understimulating. Carers are also guided on sensory strategies to use at home and school.

Is sensory integration therapy evidence-based?

The evidence base for sensory integration therapy (as a specific structured protocol, distinct from general sensory activities) has been debated. A 2012 Cochrane review found limited high-quality evidence. More recent RCTs, including a significant 2019 trial published in JAMA Pediatrics, found Ayres Sensory Integration therapy produced meaningful improvements in goal attainment and daily living skills for autistic children compared to usual care. The American Occupational Therapy Association supports its use for sensory processing difficulties. Best practice involves a thorough occupational therapy assessment to determine whether sensory integration is the primary need, rather than applying it as a generic approach.

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Sensory Integration

Sensory-based approaches use structured activities to help individuals regulate responses to sensory input (e

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Quick answer

Sensory integration is an occupational therapy approach that uses structured sensory activities—such as touch, movement, sound, and proprioceptive input—to help individuals regulate their responses to sensory stimuli. It is commonly used for sensory processing difficulties, particularly in autism spectrum conditions, anxiety related to sensory sensitivities, and motor coordination challenges. Evidence from systematic reviews supports its effectiveness when delivered with fidelity and individualised to the person's specific sensory needs.

What Sensory Integration is commonly used for

Conditions

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autism spectrum disorder Generalized anxiety disorder

Sensory Integration

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Origin & History

How It Works

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References

Frequently Asked Questions

Who Is This For?

Best for

Not ideal for

Commonly used for

Autism spectrum disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder

Dyspraxia

Insomnia

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder

Symptoms practitioners commonly work with