Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways characterised by variable airflow obstruction — narrowing of the bronchial tubes in response to triggers. It causes episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and cough. Triggers vary by individual and include allergens, exercise, cold air, respiratory infections, air pollution, and stress. Asthma ranges from mild intermittent to severe persistent and requires proper medical diagnosis and management.

What complementary approaches have evidence in asthma?

Breathing retraining techniques — particularly the Buteyko method — have consistent evidence for reducing rescue inhaler use and improving quality of life in asthma. Acupuncture has limited positive evidence for symptom management. Anti-inflammatory nutrition and omega-3 supplementation have supporting evidence. Salt therapy (halotherapy) is used clinically in some countries with limited positive evidence. These should complement, not replace, prescribed inhaler therapy.

How does stress affect asthma?

Psychological stress is a well-documented asthma trigger — it activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and alters immune responses, increasing airway hyperresponsiveness. Managing stress is therefore a clinically relevant component of asthma management. Mindfulness-based interventions and psychological support have evidence for improving asthma outcomes beyond symptom management alone.

When should I seek urgent help for asthma?

Seek emergency help if you have severe breathlessness making it difficult to speak in full sentences, rapid worsening of symptoms despite using your reliever inhaler, a peak flow below 33% of your personal best, blue lips or fingertips (cyanosis), or if you feel confused or exhausted. A severe asthma attack is a medical emergency — do not delay calling 999.

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Reviewed by Dr. Ciara Magee · Integrative Midwifery26 March 2026Traditional use

Quick answer

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways causing recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, triggered by allergens, exercise, and stress. Breathing retraining (Buteyko), anti-inflammatory nutrition, and stress management are used alongside essential medical management.

Do any of these feel familiar?

Asthma is most commonly experienced as episodes of breathlessness, chest tightness, and a persistent, dry cough — particularly at night or early in the morning
A high-pitched wheezing sound during breathing is characteristic
Many people describe a sense of not being able to get a full breath, or of breathing through a narrowed straw
Triggers vary widely — cold air, exercise, allergens, smoke, stress, and viral infections are among the most common
For many, the unpredictability of attacks generates significant anxiety, leading to avoidance of exercise and outdoor activities, which can in turn affect physical fitness and quality of life