What makes migraines different from other headaches?

Migraines are a distinct neurological phenomenon — not simply severe headaches. They involve activation of the trigeminovascular system and central sensitisation, producing pulsating, typically one-sided head pain of moderate-to-severe intensity, accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound, lasting hours to days. Aura (transient neurological symptoms preceding the headache) affects approximately one third of people with migraine.

What has the best evidence for preventing migraines?

Acupuncture has strong evidence for reducing migraine frequency, endorsed by NICE as a preventive option. Magnesium supplementation (400–600mg daily) has good evidence. Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and CoQ10 have supporting evidence. Identifying and managing individual triggers — including hormonal, dietary, sleep, and stress factors — is as important as any supplement. Preventive medications (beta-blockers, topiramate, CGRP antagonists) are appropriate for those with frequent episodes.

How does hormonal fluctuation affect migraines?

Oestrogen withdrawal — particularly around menstruation — is one of the most common migraine triggers. Menstrual migraine (occurring 1–2 days before or within the first 3 days of menstruation) can be particularly severe and resistant to treatment. Hormonal management options, including the combined pill on a continuous basis or perimenstrual triptan or NSAID prophylaxis, can be discussed with a GP or gynaecologist.

What should I do during a migraine attack?

Treating as early as possible — at the first sign of symptoms — significantly improves the effectiveness of acute medication. Rest in a dark, quiet environment. Triptans (prescribed by a GP) are the most effective acute treatments for most people. Over-the-counter analgesics with an antiemetic are helpful for mild-to-moderate attacks. Cold packs applied to the head or neck are used by many people for symptomatic relief.

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Migraines & Headaches

Migraines are severe, recurring headaches often accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and aura, significantly impacting quality of life. Nutritional triggers, hormonal factors, and nervous system regulation are key h

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Reviewed by Dr. Ian Henderson · Microbiobial Health & Medicine26 March 2026Emerging evidence

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Migraines are experienced as severe, often throbbing or pulsing head pain — typically on one side — accompanied by a constellation of associated symptoms that set them apart from ordinary headaches
Nausea and vomiting, extreme sensitivity to light, sound, and smell, and difficulty functioning are characteristic
Many people describe needing to lie in a dark, quiet room for hours or days
Some experience an aura beforehand: visual disturbances, numbness, tingling, or speech difficulties
The postictal phase — a period of exhaustion and fogginess after the headache — can extend the disruption well beyond the acute pain

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